Author: Yuldosheva, Bibirajab; Razoqova, Aziza

Annotation: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the geographical and historical significance of the Zarafshan River in the development of the Bukhara oasis. It explores the river’s source, flow direction, terminus points, and the seasonal fluctuations in its water levels. Special attention is given to the ancient irrigation systems—canals and ariqs—that were constructed to distribute water from the Zarafshan River, highlighting their vital role in supporting agriculture and settlement in the region. The study also addresses the ecological and economic dimensions of water use, including the challenges of water scarcity, resource distribution, and environmental impacts. Based on historical sources and hydrological data, the article aims to underscore the strategic importance of the Zarafshan River in shaping the agrarian and ecological landscape of Central Asia.

Keywords: Zarafshan River, hydrographic system, water resource management, irrigation canals and ditches, irrigation infrastructure, water regime, ecological balance, Amu Darya basin, Bukhara oasis, historical irrigation system.

Pages in journal: 561 - 568