Author: Qodirova Dilbarxon Mirzaxparovna

Annotation: This paper examines the metaphorical features and pragmatic functions of the two most frequently used classifiers in Vietnamese — “cái” and “con.” Using a comparative-analytical approach, the study explores not only their traditional grammatical roles within the classifier system but also their metaphorical extensions and context-dependent meanings. Particular attention is given to the pragmatic dimension of these classifiers, focusing on how they shape meaning, intention, and communicative value in discourse. The paper analyzes conceptual metaphors expressed through these classifiers: for example, “cái” is used to attribute human qualities to abstract or inanimate phenomena (cái lạnh – coldness, cái buồn – sadness), while “con” animates natural elements and objects, presenting them as living entities (con sóng – wave, con gió – wind). Furthermore, the study highlights the emotional and expressive functions of “cái” and “con,” showing how they convey affection, contempt, respect, irony, or subtle stylistic nuances, while simultaneously reflecting cultural values and collective worldviews. The findings demonstrate that these classifiers are not merely grammatical devices for counting or categorizing objects, but also powerful linguistic tools for embedding emotions, cultural meanings, and aesthetic perspectives into discourse. Analyzing these phenomena contributes to a deeper understanding of the semantic and grammatical structure of Vietnamese, its cultural distinctiveness, and the linguistic expression of human cognition.

Keywords: Vietnamese language, classifiers, cái, con, metaphor, conceptual metaphor, pragmatics, linguistic anthropology, cultural linguistics, grammar–semantics interface, Thạch Lam, Gió đầu mùa.

Pages in journal: 702 - 720