Author: Akhmedov, Sh.I.

Annotation: This article investigates the formation and stabilization of neologisms in Arabic and English from a comparative linguistic perspective. The study argues that neologisms cannot be adequately explained only as new lexical items produced by social change; rather, they should be understood as the outcome of a complex interaction between extralinguistic stimuli, intralinguistic mechanisms, and institutional-discursive validation. The research focuses on three interrelated groups of factors: technological, scientific, socio-political, global and media-driven changes; lexical gaps, semantic extension, analogy, productivity and linguistic economy; and the role of terminology planning, lexicography, media discourse and social networks in the diffusion and standardization of new lexical units. The article applies qualitative comparative, descriptive-semantic and discourse-analytical methods. The findings show that English neology is predominantly characterized by bottom-up lexical productivity and rapid discourse circulation, while Arabic neology is more strongly shaped by the interaction between borrowing, Arabization, semantic adaptation and institutional standardization. The study concludes that neologisms should be interpreted not merely as lexical innovations, but as indicators of the relationship between language structure, social transformation and communicative authority.

Keywords: neologism, lexical innovation, Arabic, English, extralinguistic factors, intralinguistic mechanisms, terminology, media discourse, lexical gaps, standardization

Pages in journal: 545 - 555