Author: Рахимова, Гузал Абдримовна

Annotation: The study of morphological and bacteriological parameters in children with a fatal outcome of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) identified a high-risk group consisting of infants in the first six months of life with a severe premorbid background, including rickets, grade III hypotrophy, and grade III anemia, as well as signs of immunodeficiency, a history of major surgical interventions, and congenital developmental anomalies. The main factors aggravating the course of the disease included frequent respiratory infections, sepsis, repeated courses of antibiotic therapy, and prolonged hospitalization. From an etiological perspective, the predominant causative agents of nosocomial pneumonia were gram-negative bacteria (70%) resistant to commonly used antibiotics, frequently occurring in association with viral and fungal pathogens. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) was identified as an additional significant risk factor. Immunological investigations revealed decreased levels of T- and B-lymphocytes, reduced phagocytic activity, and lowered concentrations of IgG and IgA, confirming functional insufficiency of immunogenesis organs, particularly the thymus, under the influence of infection and stress.

Keywords: nosocomial pneumonia, infants and young children, fatal outcome, premorbid background, primary and secondary immunodeficiency, gram-negative microflora, multidrug resistance, thymus morphology, risk factors, mechanical ventilation (MV).

Pages in journal: 490 - 496