Author: Akbarova, Ziyoda; Ergashbayev, Sherzod

Annotation: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the longest and most complex conflicts in modern history, with its roots in political Zionism in the late 19th century, the British Mandate, the Balfour Declaration (1917), and Jewish immigration in the early 20th century. The conflict is essentially a competition between two peoples for the right to self-determination and statehood in the same territory, and is deeply intertwined with national, religious, historical, and geopolitical factors. British colonialism, the 1947 UN Partition Plan (Resolution 181), the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Nakba, and the subsequent Arab-Israeli wars have further complicated the conflict. The article provides a clear analysis of the main subjects of the conflict (Israel, Palestinian groups, external states), the object (territory, resources, holy sites), and the subject (the right to self-determination). At the current stage, the conflict is frozen in a state of “uneasy truce”, and the attacks of October 7, 2023 and the subsequent Gaza War, as well as the short-term ceasefire agreement in early 2025, have once again shown that the conflict has not been resolved. The author, emphasizing that the traditional “two-state solution” does not work in practice, proposes a new model - the “Confederal Two-State Model”. This model envisages the creation of two fully sovereign states based on the 1967 borders, the designation of East Jerusalem as an open capital, joint economic and resource management, a 10-year security guarantee with international forces opposed by the UN and the Arab League, and a solution to the refugee issue through financial compensation and limited return. This confederal system allows for the achievement of a sustainable peace by satisfying the basic demands of both sides (security for Israel, independence for Palestine) through economic interdependence and “win-win” mechanisms.

Keywords: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Zionism, Balfour Declaration, two-state solution, confederal model, 1967 borders, security dilemma, peace process, Gaza, East Jerusalem.

Pages in journal: 484 - 490