Author: Nazarqulova, Nodira

Annotation: This article analyzes the political governance systems and socio-economic structures that emerged during the Three Kingdoms period (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla). The study examines the dominant role of aristocratic dynasties in all three states, the formation of centralized governance systems, and the distinctive features of their respective rank systems. Particular attention is given to an in-depth analysis of Silla’s "bone-rank" (*kolpum*) system, Baekje’s rank system based on clothing colors, and Goguryeo’s multi-tiered hierarchy of offices. Furthermore, the article explores the role of council-based governance institutions—such as *Hwabaek* and *Jeongsa-am*—and aristocratic councils in the political decision-making process. Finally, the study provides a scholarly examination of the transition of the Three Kingdoms from a multi-centric structure to a centralized bureaucratic system.

Keywords: Three Kingdoms, Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, political governance, aristocracy, social hierarchy, bone-rank system, *golpum*, official ranks, bureaucracy, centralization, council of nobles, *Hwabaek*, *Jeongsa-am*, state structure, administrative governance.

Pages in journal: 122 - 131