Author: Egamberdiyev, Abduvahob Abdurasul o‘g‘li

Annotation: This article analyzes the trade and economic relations of the Russian Empire with Kashgar, Mongolia, Western China, and Iran in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on the basis of historical sources. The study examines Russia’s trade policy with Eastern countries, the structure of exports and imports, caravan routes, and transport infrastructure through materials published in the newspapers Turkestanskiy Kurer, Russkie Vedomosti, Vestnik Finansov, and Novoe Vremya, as well as consular reports. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Chuysk and Bukhtarma routes in Mongolian trade, the economic characteristics of the Kashgar market, logistical problems in the kerosene trade, and commercial relations conducted through the Gilan province of Iran. The article also discusses barter trade, the circulation of tea and silver, the development of local handicraft production, and issues of international economic competition. The findings demonstrate that trade relations played a significant role in strengthening the economic and geopolitical influence of the Russian Empire in the East.

Keywords: Russian Empire, Kashgar, Mongolia, Iran, trade relations, caravan routes, export-import, Gilan, kerosene trade, Kyakhta trade.

Pages in journal: 157 - 166